Lubricating oil



Patented Sept. 12, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LUBRICATING on.

No Drawing. Application January 26, 1933,- Serial No. 653,607

Claims. (Cl. 87-9) Our invention relates to an improved lubricating oil and more particularly to a lubricating oil having a low cold test and a high film strength;

In the production of high grade lubricating oils 5 for present day motor equipment certain characteristics must be obtained in the finished lubricant other than viscosity, flash point; freedom from grit and other abrasive substances which were previously the controlling factors. Present day high grade lubricants must have, in addition to the above low cold test or solidification points, high film strength and increased oiliness or unctuosity.

Low cold test or solidification point of a lubricant is obtainable in the present day art by the very costly dewaxing processes. In addition to the very high cost of original equipment for dewaxing and the continued high cost of operation of dewaxing equipment, there is another objection to this method of obtaining lowcold test due to certain objectionable changes in the nature of nent will reduce the pour point thereof. The film strength of the lubricant, however, .is decreased or at any rate not materially improved.

One object of our invention is to provide a lubricant having a lowered cold test and an increased film strength.

- Other objects of our invention will appear from thefollowing description.

In general, our method'c'onsistsof halogenation of parafiin wax and the like, then reacting the halogenated wax with aromatic hydrocarbons by the reaction known as Friedel Crafts Reaction in order to. produce a condensation product of paraffin wax and aromaticcompounds. The thus prepared hydrocarbon condensation product is then halogenated. Napthalene, anthracene and products rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and the like may be used to react with thehalogenated long chain hydrocarbon. The purified, and halogenated condensation product is added to lubricants in small amounts or is added to lubricants in a blend with small amounts of halogenated fatty acids.

For example, wax is chlorinated by direct chlorination'until it contains about thecalculated amount of halogen for a mono-halogen product.

This will vary rather widely with the approximate average molecular weight of the wax being halogenated and may range from 10% or less of chlorine on up to 20% or more. The temperature is controlled during the halogenation step to avoid temperatures much above 300 F. Aromat- 5 io hydrocarbons such as naphthalene or anthracene are then mixed with approximately an equal weight of aluminum chloride and the chlorinated oil added slowly, while maintaining a tempera-- ture not to exceed about 160 F. An inert solvent 10 may be used for the reacting mixture which should be constantly agitated until the reaction is com pleted, which is apparent from the lack of formation of large volumes of hydrogen chloride gas when fresh chlorinated wax is added. This also 15 controls the proportions in which the chlorinated v wax is added. When the reaction is apparently complete, it is desirable to increasethe temperature of the reacting mixture to expel any remaining hydrogen chloride. The massis allowed 20 to stand until the aluminous sludge settles out or the sludgemay be removedby mechanical means such as filtration. The reaction product is then placed in distilling equipment and the solvent and unreacted 'wax removed with as little heat as pos- 1 sible and under a high vacuum preferably. The recovered condensation product is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture containing slight traces of halogen, usually less than 0.4%.

The above condensation product may then be 30 treated with halogen. To treat with halogenit is necessary only to pass'the halogen through the condensation product at a temperature of about 200 F. until the proper amount of halogen has been added which may be 5% or less, 10%, 15%,

2 0% of the original weight of condensation prodnot, or more. After halogenation the product may be treated with lime or clay to remove any free halogen or halogen acid and then filtered. Various solvents may be used to extract the halo- 0 genated product or it may be purified by. low vacuum distillation. I

As an example of the cold test lowering of the above products, a sample of highquality 350 viscosity steam refined stock with a 22 F. ,cold test 5 was blended with the halogenated condensation product with the following results:

Cold test. F. Original 350 vis. lubricant 22 99.5% original lubricant plus 0.5 condensa- 9 tion product treated with 5% chlorine 6- 09.5% original lubricant'plus 0.5% condensation product treated with 1 0% chlorine 16 From the above table the efliciency of our prod- 55 not in lowering cold test is fully demonstrated. In the tests made, only 0.5% of the productof our invention was added to the lubricant, but with poorer quality lubricants and/or with higher cold test lubricants larger quantities may be used and may be as'much as 10% or-more oi the vol- I ume of the original lubricant.

To prove the increased film strength oi'lubriicants prepared according to our invention, we

employ the new typeTimken testing machinemanufactured by. the Timken Roller Bearing Company. In this machine lubricants are used between two rubbing surfaces under increasing pressure or load until the lubricant breaks down and allows metal seizure. The load required to cause seizure is a measure of the film strength Appraaxi- Pound m Oil tested pounds per weights square inch v 1 Original 8. A. E. 40 mineral oil 11.3 7,000

4 99% original lubricant plus 1% oi condensation roduct 10. 3 6,300 3 0% original ubricant plus 1% condensation product treated with 6% chlorine a l7. 3 10, 500

From. the above it is noted that the addition I of the condensation product direct to the lubricantlowers the film. strength of the original lubricant. It also shows that if the condensation product is treated with chlorine the film strength of the original lubricant is greatly improved.

Small amounts of 'chlor stearic or other halogenated organic acids in any of the mixtures described in this invention will improve the film strength and decrease the coefilcient of friction (give greater oiliness).

igenate it to increase its film strength.

' It will be observed that our invention where the Davis invention leaves oil. We take the synthetic product achieved by Davis and halo- Having thus described -our invention, what we 2,'172,ss2 v 1. An improved lubricating oil'oi relatively low pour point and comparatively high film strength comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil and a small amount of a halogenated synthetic hydrocarbon oil obtained by halogenating, to'the extent of from 5 to 20%,the'condensation product obtained by. the addition of a halogenated wax to a mixture of an aromatic compound and a catalyst of the type represented by aluminum chloride.

, 2,. An improved lubricating oil of relatively low pour point and comparatively hi h film strength comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil and a'small amount of a chlorinated synthetic hydrocarbon oil obtained by chlorinating, to the extent of from 10 to 20 percent, the condensation prodnot obtained byfthe addition of chlorinated wax to a mixture of an aromatic compound and a catalyst of the type represented by aluminum chloride.

3. An improved lubricating oil of relatively low,

comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil and a small amount of a'chlorinated synthetic hydrocarbon oil obtained by chlorinating, to the I pour point and comparatively high film strength extent of from 5 to 20 percent, the condensation productobtained by the addition of chlorinated parafiin wax. to a mixture of naphthalene'and.

aluminum chloride.

4. An improved lubricating 01110: relatively low so pour point and comparatively high film strength comprising a blend of hydrocarbon oil and small amounts of both a halogenated fatty acid and a synthet?c oil formed by halogenating the reaction product obtained by the addition of a chlorinated wax to a mixture of an aromatic compound and a catalyst of the type chloride.

represented by aluminum 5. An improved lubricating on of. relatively low pour point and comparatively high film strength comprislnga blend of hydrocarbon oil and small amounts of chlorinated stearic acid and a synthetic oil formed by halogenating the reaction product obtained by the addition of chlorinated wax to a mixture of naphthalene and aluminum chloride. J I

. AIFRED :IH I: EN.

BERT H. 

